The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?
The answer is: In 3 ways - / Id/ or / t/ or / d/
If the base verb ends in one of these sounds: | example base verb*: | example with -ed: | pronounce the -ed: | extra syllable? | |
unvoiced | /t/ | want | wanted | / Id/ | yes |
voiced | /d/ | end | ended | ||
unvoiced | /p/ | hope | hoped | / t/ | no |
/f/ | laugh | laughed | |||
/s/ | fax | faxed | |||
/S/ | wash | washed | |||
/tS/ | watch | watched | |||
/k/ | like | liked | |||
voiced | all other sounds, for example... | play | played | / d/ | |
allow | allowed | ||||
beg | begged |
* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
Exceptions
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:
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There are thousands of regular verbs in English. This is a list of 600 of the more common regular verbs. Note that there are some spelling variations in American English (for example, "practise" becomes "practice" in American English).
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